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01443_Field_8.cap.txt
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102 lines
@
Frederick Banting
discovered a way
of extracting
insulin from
animals, to be
used to treat
diabetic patients.
This was one of
the most import-
ant medical
breakthroughs of
the twentieth
century: diabetes
was a chronic,
debilitating
condition, and
often fatal
#
Insulin is a
hormone produced
in the pancreas
which delivers
blood sugar into
the body's cells,
where it is
converted into
energy. Diabetes
inhibits insulin
production; so
Banting sought to
extract insulin
from animals to
treat diabetics.
One difficulty he
had was that the
pancreas also
produces digestive
enzymes that
destroy insulin
#
Banting
experimented
with dogs. His
notebook said:
"Tie off pancreatic
duct of dogs. Wait
6 to 8 weeks." His
idea was to turn
the dog's pancreas
over completely
to insulin prod-
uction by pre-
venting it from
making digestive
enzymes. The
insulin was
tested on other
dogs, then injected
into humans. The
treatment worked
#
Problems of the
purity of animal
insulin (from pigs
and cattle) were
soon solved, and
this new insulin
treatment won
Banting, with his
professor, the
Nobel Prize for
medicine in 1923.
Banting (right)
shared his part
of the prize with
his assistant,
Charles Best
(centre)
#
The cause of
diabetes remains
a mystery, but it
is still treated
by the technique
which Banting
pioneered. But
animal insulin is
costly to extract
and purify. Gene-
tically engineered
insulin is now
used by millions
of diabetics -
although some
research has
questioned its
suitability for
all patients
@